Online JN0-1103 Questions Video

VXLAN and MPLS are commonly used to encapsulate frames and provide Layer 2 reachability across an IP fabric. VXLAN enables L2 overlays over L3 infrastructure, while MPLS can also be used in L2VPN services to extend L2 connectivity across IP/MPLS networks.

These elements directly impact port density and scaling requirements in a campus switching design. Understanding the number of unmanned devices, fixed user workstations with IP phones, and standalone VoIP phones is critical for calculating the total number of access ports needed and ensuring the infrastructure can support current and future capacity demands.

IPsec with NAT Traversal (NAT-T) encapsulates IPsec packets within UDP headers, adding additional overhead compared to standard IPsec. This results in higher packet overhead, which can affect performance and MTU handling more than other VPN protocols.