Free Access ACFE CFE- Fraud-Schemes-and-Financial-Crimes New Release

Detailed Explanation:

Rationale for Correct Answer: The accounts receivable journal (also called the sales journal) records all sales transactions, whether on credit or cash. It provides a detailed subsidiary record of customer accounts and sales activity.

Analysis of Incorrect Options:

A. Disbursement journal – Records cash outflows, not sales.

C. Accounts payable journal – Records amounts owed to vendors, not sales.

D. General journal – Records miscellaneous entries not suited to specialized journals.

Key Concept: Special journals — sales activity recorded in the accounts receivable journal.

The correct answer is D. Bid tailoring occurs when procurement specifications are drafted to favor a particular contractor or to allow an otherwise unsuitable contractor to qualify. The ACFE material identifies overly broad specifications as one form of bid tailoring because they can be designed to include a favored vendor even though the vendor does not meet the organization’s actual operational needs. Bid splitting involves dividing purchases to avoid competitive thresholds. Bid suppression involves preventing or discouraging competitors from submitting bids. Bid manipulation is broader, but the facts specifically focus on drafting specifications in a way that favors the winning contractor. Therefore, bid tailoring is the most precise classification for Hondo’s finding.

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Detailed Explanation:

Rationale for Correct Answer: Loan fraud often involves suspicious or unusual documentation patterns. A change order submitted at the same time as a draw request is a red flag, because it suggests manipulation of project costs to justify larger draws from lenders.

Analysis of Incorrect Options:

A. Missing documents – Could indicate sloppy recordkeeping, not necessarily fraud.

B. Low turnover – Not a fraud indicator.

D. Increasing change orders – Could be suspicious, but not as strong a fraud red flag as simultaneous change order and draw request.

Key Concept: Loan fraud indicators .

The correct answer is C. Electronic payment tampering occurs when an employee improperly alters or creates electronic payments, such as ACH payments, wire transfers, or online banking payments. Reviewing non-payroll payments made to employees is highly effective because employees generally should not receive vendor-style electronic disbursements outside normal payroll or approved reimbursement channels. Such payments can indicate that an employee inserted their own bank account, created an unauthorized payee, or diverted electronic funds. Vendor duplicate confirmations are more relevant to duplicate-payment issues. Customer complaints about late account postings relate more to cash receipts or accounts receivable. Quarterly reconciliations are too infrequent for timely detection. The ACFE materials identify electronic payment tampering as a fraudulent disbursement risk requiring strong monitoring and bank controls.

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