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Only non-self antigens can be immunogenic. Self antigens are normally recognized by the immune system as part of the host, so an immune response does not normally occur. Non-self antigens are immunogenic since they have the potential to cause an immune response.

For a substance to be immunogenic it must be:

The creatinine clearance for this patient is 100 mL/min.

Creatinine clearance values are calculated using the following equation:

Creatinine Clearance (mL / min) = (Urine Creatinine / Serum Creatinine) x Urine Volume (mL) / [ time (hr) x 60 ]

For this patient Creatinine clearance (mL/min)= (120/1.5) x (1800 / [24 x 60])

80 x 1800/1440, which is 80 x 1.25, or 100 mL/min

A 45-year-old male of average height and weight had a serum creatinine of 1.5 mg/dL and urine creatinine was 120 mg/dL; the total volume of urine collected over a 24-hour period was 1,800 mL. Calculate the creatinine clearance for this patient in mL/min.

The results demonstrate compliance with diet and medication. A HbA1C result that is <7.0% indicates glycemic control for most adults with diabetes.

Chemistry

A HbA1C result for a diabetic patient is 6.0%. What conclusion can be made regarding this patient's carbohydrate management?

The electrolyte panel consists of potassium, sodium, chloride, carbon dioxide. These analytes are also typically ordered within other panels as well, including the basic metabolic and complete metabolic panels.

An electrolyte panel (lytes, chem-4) consists of: