D-DS-FN-23 Leak Questions

The metrics used to calculate relevance in text analysis are TF (Term Frequency) and IDF (Inverse Document Frequency). TF measures how frequently a term appears in a document, while IDF adjusts the importance of the term based on how common it is across all documents. Their combination, known as TF-IDF, helps evaluate the relevance of terms in a given document relative to a larger corpus.

The GROUPING extension in SQL OLAP is used to return a result for each output row, where 1 identifies a summary row and 0 identifies grouped rows. This helps distinguish between regular grouped rows and summary rows in the result set.

MAD in MADlib stands for Multiple Access Design, which is a library for scalable in-database analytics, including machine learning and statistical methods.

An Excel file is an example of quasi-structured data because it contains structured data (like rows and columns) but may have irregularities, such as varying data formats, missing headers, or mixed data types within cells, making it less strictly structured than a relational database.