OMG-OCUP2-FOUND100 Exam Dumps : OMG Certified UML Professional 2 (OCUP 2) - Foundation Level

The diagram shows a package Pckg that includes two classes G and H with a one-to-many association between them. The multiplicity '1..5' near class G on the 'gh' association end suggests that for each H object, there should be between 1 to 5 associated G objects. However, the '*' (multiplicity many) near class H on the 'gh' association end indicates that a G object can be associated with zero or more H objects. This implies that it's possible to have a G object that is not associated with any H object.

References:

• UML 2.x Superstructure Specification: Multiplicity notations and association rules are clearly defined in the UML specifications, which detail the semantics of multiplicities and their implications for object association.
• UML 2.x Infrastructure Specification: Further explains the basic constructs of the UML metamodel, which underpin the interpretation of multiplicities in associations.

Modeling as part of the software analysis and design process offers several advantages, one of the primary being the reduction in the risk of inconsistent or improper implementations. By using models, developers can visualize the structure and behavior of the system before actual coding begins, allowing for the identification and correction of potential issues in the early stages of development. This practice helps ensure that all components of the software work together as intended, reducing the likelihood of bugs and inconsistencies that could arise if parts of the system were developed in isolation. UML, as a standardized modeling language, provides a coherent and universally understood set of diagrams and symbols, which facilitates clear communication among team members and stakeholders, further mitigating the risk of misunderstandings that could lead to improper implementations.

The provided image depicts a state machine fragment containing an invalid transition. The state machine has a single state labeled "S1" with an incoming and outgoing transition labeled "e".

According to the UML 2 Foundation documents, a transition in a state machine cannot originate from and target the same state. This type of loopback transition within a single state is not permitted.

Here's a breakdown of why other options are incorrect:

• Option A (A transition requires a trigger or guard) is not necessarily true. Transitions can exist without explicit triggers or guards, although their presence is often recommended for clarity and modeling complex behavior.
• Option B (A guard condition is not allowed on the initial transition) is valid. Guard conditions are indeed not allowed on the initial transition of a state machine, but the issue in the diagram is the loopback, not the presence or absence of a guard.
• Option C (A trigger is not allowed on the transition to the final state) is not always true. Final states can have outgoing transitions with triggers under specific circumstances (e.g., for hierarchical state machines). However, the error here concerns the loopback nature of the transition.

References:

• UML Specification (Superstructure) Version 2.5.1, specifically sections covering state transitions (Section 14.2.3.7). You can find it on the OMG website: https://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.5.1