NAPLEX Exam Dumps : North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination

The only bile acid sequestrant, colesevelam (Welchol), has been shown to increase triglycerides through mechanism of: activation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase with promotes triglyceride synthesis. GLP-1 agonists work on GLP 1 receptors to increase insulin secretion, decrease glucagon secretion, and increase satiety. Thiazolidinediones activate nuclear transcription factor PPAR gamma to increase insulin sensitivity. SGLT2 inhibitors inhibit glucose reabsorption in the kidney. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors slow down digestion and absorptions of carbs in the gut.

Cisplatin. All chemotherapeutics have similar generalized side effects related to their effects on rapidly growing cells. These include hair loss, nausea, and fatigue. However, many chemotherapeutics have unique toxicities as well which are often tested. Cisplatin (C) is notable for its nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Cyclophosphamide

(A) is known to cause hemorrhagic cystitis. This is a distinct process from nephrotoxicity. The most noteworthy side effect of bleomycin (B) is pulmonary toxicity that can lead to pulmonary fibrosis. Vinblastine (D) is known for bone marrow suppression. Vincristine (E) causes neuropathy.

Metformin should be stopped when eGFR falls below 30. This is the only cutoff that is recommended for absolute discontinuing. If the eGFR falls between 30-44 while ontherapy, benefits and risks of discontinuing should be evaluated. New initiation is only recommended when eGFR >45.