CQE Exam Dumps : Certified Quality EngineerExam

The correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. A correlation coefficient of -1.0 indicates a perfect negative correlation, meaning that as one variable increases, the other decreases.

References:

Moore, D.S., McCabe, G.P., & Craig, B.A. (2017). Introduction to the Practice of Statistics. W.H. Freeman.

Montgomery, D.C. (2009). Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. Wiley.

The client, or the party commissioning the audit, has the primary responsibility for defining the purpose and scope of the audit.

The client sets the objectives, scope, and criteria to ensure the audit meets their specific needs and requirements.

The audit manager and auditor may assist in refining the scope and purpose but the initial determination lies with the client.

References: The ASQ "Auditing Handbook" and ISO 19011:2018 guidelines on auditing management systems outline the client's role in defining audit scope and objectives.

Measurement scales are used to categorize and quantify variables.

Nominal Scale:

Used for labeling variables without any quantitative value. Categories are mutually exclusive and unordered.

Example: Inventory list of laptops categorized by brand or model.

Ordinal Scale:

Categorizes variables with a meaningful order but intervals are not equally spaced.

Example: Customer satisfaction ratings (poor, fair, good, excellent).

Interval Scale:

Ordered categories with equal intervals, but no true zero point.

Example: Temperature in Celsius.

Ratio Scale:

Ordered categories with equal intervals and a true zero point.

Example: Weight, height.

An inventory list of laptops in a sales office categorizes laptops into different groups without implying order or quantity, fitting the nominal scale.

References: Measurement theory and statistics textbooks.