Free and Premium NREMT EMT Dumps Questions Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Under HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), only designated personnel are authorized to handle inquiries regarding a patient’s Protected Health Information (PHI). The Privacy Officer is responsible for enforcing compliance with privacy regulations and addressing PHI access requests.

Shift supervisors or hospitals do not have the legal authority to release PHI unless specifically designated.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

SALT(Sort, Assess, Lifesaving interventions, Treatment/Transport) is a mass casualty triage method recommended by theCDC and the National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP). During the"Assess" step, responders:

Checkrespirations

Providelifesaving interventionssuch asrescue breathsif the patient is not breathing but has a pulse

Evaluatementation(e.g., ability to follow commands)

Airway adjuncts and full transport do not happen at this stage. Scorecards and pediatric-specific modifications are addressed later in the protocol.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Forsuspected or confirmed tuberculosis (TB), the EMT should place asurgical mask on the patient, not a HEPA respirator. Surgical masks are used tocontain droplets from the patientand reduce airborne transmission.

The EMTshould wear aN95 or HEPA respiratorto protect against inhaling airborne particles. Notification to the CDC is not the EMT’s responsibility — that falls to public health officials.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

These symptoms are classic forendometriosis, whereendometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. Symptoms often include:

Pelvic pain

Painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea)

Painful bowel movements or intercourse

Spontaneous abortion does not apply here due to lack of pregnancy. Premature menopause is rare at this age and presents differently. Infection is less likely in the absence of recent sexual activity or fever.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

This is ahigh-risk cardiac eventdue to unstable angina or possiblemyocardial infarction. The EMT should:

Administer oxygenif SpO₂ is <94%

Avoid nitroglycerinif systolic BP is <90 mmHg

Obtain a 12-lead ECGto identify ST-elevation MI (STEMI) and transmit it if trained and authorized

CPAP is indicated forpulmonary edema, and albuterol is forbronchospasm, neither of which applies here.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Thepatient’s complaint of difficulty breathingis anairway/breathing issueand takes precedence over a controlled extremity bleed. The first action is toadminister oxygenand evaluate respiratory effort.

Though reassessing the wound is important,oxygenation is the prioritywhen airway compromise or respiratory distress is present. Tourniquets are foruncontrolled bleeding, which is not the case here.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Children compensate for shock through increasedheart rate,respiratory rate, andvasoconstriction, which delays blood pressure drop. Therefore:

Tachycardiais often thefirst sign

Prolonged capillary refill(>2 seconds) is an early indicator

Tachypneasupports perfusion

Blood pressureis alate signin pediatric shock. SpO₂ is helpful but does not specifically indicate shock. Blood glucose may be abnormal in other metabolic conditions but is not an early marker of volume loss.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

InIncident Command System (ICS)for Mass Casualty Incidents (MCI), the four major sections are:

Planning: Collects data and develops response strategies

Logistics: Supplies and personnel

Finance/Administration: Cost tracking, contracts, compensation

Stagingis atactical location, not a management section.Catering and aviationare not command-level ICS designations unless part of specific tasks under logistics or operations.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

According toPediatric Basic Life Support (PBLS) guidelinesby theAmerican Heart Association (AHA), when a child becomes unresponsive due to foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO), the immediate next step is to beginchest compressions. This is donebefore checking the airway or giving breathsbecause the airway is presumed obstructed. The compressions may dislodge the object.

After 30 compressions, open the airway and check for visible objects. If none are seen, attempt rescue breaths. This protocol reflects the high risk of complete airway blockage in children with sudden collapse following a choking episode.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

CPAPworks by delivering continuous positive pressure to keep alveoli open and improve oxygenation. However, complications include:

Hypotension: Due to reduced venous return and cardiac preload

Feeling of suffocation: Common psychological reaction to a tight-fitting mask and forced airflow

It isused to treat, not cause, pulmonary edema. It doesnot induce bronchospasmor myocardial infarction.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Perfusionrefers to delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues. It depends on three essential components:

Patent airway: Ensures oxygen reaches lungs

Intact microcirculation: Capillary-level exchange must function

Sufficient blood volume: Maintains blood pressure and oxygen transport

Hypoxic drive relates toCOPD physiology, not perfusion.High alveolar pressure(like from CPAP) mayimpede venous return, and alow ventilation-perfusion ratiomeans poor oxygenation efficiency, which negatively affects perfusion.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Thefirst step in hemorrhage controlfor external bleeding is alwaysdirect pressureusing gloved hands or dressing. Only if this fails or the bleeding issevere and life-threatening(especially from extremities) should atourniquetbe applied.

Assessing the airway is critical in overall trauma care but not thefirst priorityin isolated extremity hemorrhage. Severity assessment is secondary tobleeding control.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Missing dialysis leads tofluid overload, causing:

Pulmonary edema, evident bycrackleson auscultation

Dyspnea and chest discomfort

Bradycardia is less likely; patients more often present withtachycardiadue to volume stress. Fever would suggest infection (not stated here), and hypotension can occur later, but hypertension is more common in early fluid overload.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

AfterROSCin an unresponsive patient, theleft lateral recumbent position(also called the recovery position) is preferred to:

Maintain an open airway

Prevent aspiration if vomiting occurs

Promote drainage of secretions

Supine or Trendelenburg positions increase the risk of aspiration. Elevating the head to 45° may reduce intracranial pressure, but it’s not standard post-ROSC care in an unresponsive patient unless airway protection is ensured.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Thereassessment phasein the EMT patient assessment model starts with repeating theprimary survey(also called the primary assessment), which includes:

Airway

Breathing

Circulation

Disability (mental status)

Exposure/environment

The purpose is to identify any changes or deterioration in the patient’slife-threatening conditions, especially in dynamic or unstable patients. Only after this do EMTs check vitals and reevaluate secondary complaints.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The patient’sexcessively high respiratory rate (RR 50),hypoxia (SpO₂ 89%), anddecreased mental status(drowsiness) indicaterespiratory failure, which is theinability to maintain oxygenation or ventilation.

Respiratory distress: Increased effort but adequate compensation

Respiratory arrest: Complete absence of breathing

Respiratory alkalosis: Possible early finding, but not a condition diagnosis

This patient is tiring and losing the ability to ventilate effectively — a hallmark of failure.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Mental statusreflects perfusion and oxygen delivery to thebrain, which is highly sensitive to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Even if respiratory rate and SpO₂ are normal, altered mental status suggests ineffective gas exchange or hypoperfusion.

Pulse oximetry may be falsely normal in CO poisoning or poor perfusion. Skin color is subjective and not as sensitive or specific as neurological status.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Anepidural hematomaclassically presents with a“lucid interval”— a brief period of regained consciousness following head trauma, followed by rapid deterioration. This is due to arterial bleeding, often from themiddle meningeal artery, leading to increasing intracranial pressure.

Signs include:

High blood pressure

Decreasing respiratory rate

Altered LOC or unresponsiveness

Subdural hemorrhages are slower venous bleeds, common in elderly patients. Subarachnoid hemorrhage often presents with "worst headache of life." Intracerebral bleeds are less commonly linked to lucid intervals.