Newly Released NREMT EMT Exam PDF

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Missing dialysis leads tofluid overload, causing:

Pulmonary edema, evident bycrackleson auscultation

Dyspnea and chest discomfort

Bradycardia is less likely; patients more often present withtachycardiadue to volume stress. Fever would suggest infection (not stated here), and hypotension can occur later, but hypertension is more common in early fluid overload.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

AfterROSCin an unresponsive patient, theleft lateral recumbent position(also called the recovery position) is preferred to:

Maintain an open airway

Prevent aspiration if vomiting occurs

Promote drainage of secretions

Supine or Trendelenburg positions increase the risk of aspiration. Elevating the head to 45° may reduce intracranial pressure, but it’s not standard post-ROSC care in an unresponsive patient unless airway protection is ensured.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Thereassessment phasein the EMT patient assessment model starts with repeating theprimary survey(also called the primary assessment), which includes:

Airway

Breathing

Circulation

Disability (mental status)

Exposure/environment

The purpose is to identify any changes or deterioration in the patient’slife-threatening conditions, especially in dynamic or unstable patients. Only after this do EMTs check vitals and reevaluate secondary complaints.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The patient’sexcessively high respiratory rate (RR 50),hypoxia (SpO₂ 89%), anddecreased mental status(drowsiness) indicaterespiratory failure, which is theinability to maintain oxygenation or ventilation.

Respiratory distress: Increased effort but adequate compensation

Respiratory arrest: Complete absence of breathing

Respiratory alkalosis: Possible early finding, but not a condition diagnosis

This patient is tiring and losing the ability to ventilate effectively — a hallmark of failure.