Newly Released NREMT EMT Exam PDF

The correct answer is D. Administer epinephrine auto-injector.

Key findings in this scenario:

Bee sting

Respiratory distress

These findings strongly indicate anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate treatment.

Why D is correct:

Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis because it:

Relieves bronchoconstriction (improves breathing)

Reduces airway swelling

Improves blood pressure

NREMT/AHA-aligned guidance states:

“Epinephrine is the primary treatment for anaphylaxis.”

“Administer immediately in patients with respiratory compromise from allergic reactions.”

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Give a bronchodilatorMay help wheezing, but does not treat systemic anaphylaxis

B. Perform a primary surveyAlways important, but life-saving intervention (epinephrine) should not be delayed in obvious anaphylaxis

C. Immediately transportTransport is important, but treatment must begin immediately

Exact Extracts (NREMT-aligned EMT educational references):

“Administer epinephrine promptly in suspected anaphylaxis.”

“Respiratory distress after allergen exposure is an indication for epinephrine.”

“Delays in epinephrine administration increase mortality.”

Clinical Priority Summary:

In a patient with respiratory distress following a bee sting, the EMT must immediately administer epinephrine, making D the correct answer.

The reassessment phase in the EMT patient assessment model starts with repeating the primary survey (also called the primary assessment), which includes:

Airway

Breathing

Circulation

Disability (mental status)

Exposure/environment

The purpose is to identify any changes or deterioration in the patient’s life-threatening conditions, especially in dynamic or unstable patients. Only after this do EMTs check vitals and reevaluate secondary complaints.

The correct answers are B. Positional asphyxia and E. Sudden cardiac arrest.

This question refers to patients with severe agitation or delirium, often described in EMS as excited delirium syndrome or severe behavioral emergencies.

Why B is correct (Positional asphyxia):

Agitated patients who are restrained improperly (especially in prone positions) are at high risk of:

Restricted chest wall movement

Impaired ventilation

Hypoxia

NREMT-aligned guidance emphasizes:

“Improper restraint positioning can lead to positional asphyxia.”

This is a major cause of morbidity and death in agitated or restrained patients.

Why E is correct (Sudden cardiac arrest):

Severely agitated or delirious patients are at risk of:

Extreme catecholamine surge

Metabolic acidosis

Cardiac dysrhythmias

These can rapidly lead to sudden cardiac arrest.

NREMT materials highlight:

“Patients with severe agitation are at risk for sudden cardiac arrest.”

“Excited delirium may result in sudden death if not properly managed.”

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Seizure activity: Not a primary or common morbidity risk directly associated with agitation.

C. Hypovolemic shock: Not typically related to agitation unless trauma or bleeding is present.

D. Hemorrhagic stroke: Not a typical complication of agitation/delirium in EMS context.

Exact Extracts:

“Improper restraint can result in positional asphyxia.”

“Excited delirium is associated with sudden cardiac arrest.”

“Agitated patients require careful monitoring due to risk of sudden death.”

Use the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to calculate:

Eye Opening (E): Opens to speech = 3

Verbal Response (V): Confused but appropriate words = 4

Motor Response (M): Obeys commands = 6Total = 3 + 4 + 6 = 13

However, the question states he opens eyes to voice, knows name (orientation to person), and follows commands — this would mean:

Eye = 3

Verbal = 5 (Oriented to person, but disoriented to place/time)

Motor = 6

Correct Total: 14