NBCC NCE-ABE Exam With Confidence Using Practice Dumps

Counselors using assessments must understand basic statistics, including correlation, to interpret test data appropriately. A correlation coefficient (r) ranges from −1.00 to +1.00 and reflects the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.

A correlation of 0 (option A) indicates no linear relationship between the variables—knowing one gives no information about predicting the other in a straight-line fashion.

−1.00 (B) indicates a perfect negative linear relationship: as one variable increases, the other decreases in a perfectly predictable way.

+1.00 (C) indicates a perfect positive linear relationship: as one variable increases, the other also increases in a perfectly predictable way.

Unable to determine (D) is incorrect because the coefficient itself does provide this information.

Therefore, 0 represents a complete lack of linear relationship, making A the correct answer.

In Human Growth and Development, especially in Adlerian and psychodynamic theory content, counselors learn that:

Compensation is a coping mechanism in which a person attempts to counterbalance perceived weaknesses or feelings of inferiority by emphasizing strengths in other areas.This directly matches the description of coping with feelings of inferiority and inadequacy, so A is correct.

The other terms reflect different mechanisms:

Displacement (B): redirecting emotions from a threatening target to a safer one.

Reaction formation (C): expressing the opposite of one’s true feelings.

Regression (D): reverting to earlier, more childlike behaviors under stress.

Therefore, the mechanism that best describes coping with feelings of inferiority is compensation.

Client-centered (person-centered) counseling, based on Carl Rogers’ theory, is grounded in a fundamentally positive view of human nature. People are seen as having an innate actualizing tendency—a built-in drive to grow, develop, and move constructively toward fulfillment when provided with appropriate conditions such as empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard from the counselor.1

Because of this, client-centered counselors view people as essentially:

Forward moving – oriented toward growth, change, and self-improvement.

Capable of realistic perception when not distorted by conditions of worth or external pressures.1

This aligns directly with Option A: forward moving and realistic.

Why the other options are incorrect:

B. Incongruent in most aspects of their lives.While Rogers acknowledges that incongruence (a mismatch between self-concept and experience) can occur and lead to distress, he does not define people primarily as incongruent in “most aspects” of their lives. Rather, incongruence is seen as a condition that can be reduced in a supportive therapeutic relationship.1

C. Incapable of unassisted change.Person-centered theory emphasizes that clients possess their own resources for growth. The counselor’s role is to provide facilitative conditions, not to act as the expert who “changes” the client. People are not viewed as fundamentally incapable of change without a counselor.1

D. Seeking to purge the evil from their lives.This reflects a moral or theological framing, not the humanistic, nonjudgmental stance of client-centered counseling. Rogers did not conceptualize people as evil; he saw them as basically trustworthy and constructive.1

In the Core Counseling Attributes area, NBCC emphasizes that counselors hold attitudes that respect the client’s inherent capacity for growth, autonomy, and self-direction—exactly the view reflected in Option A.