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 A user story is a short description of a small piece of desired functionality written from the user’s perspective and in their language. A user story has three primary components, each of which begin with the letter ‘C’: Card, Conversation, and Confirmation. The card is a written or digital note that captures the essence of the user story using the format: “As a (who), I want (what), so that (why).” The conversation is the ongoing dialogue between the team and the customer or product owner to elaborate and refine the user story details. The confirmation is the set of acceptance criteria and tests that verify the user story is done and meets the customer’s expectations12. References: What is User Story? - Visual Paradigm, The Anatomy of a User Story | Scrum Alliance | Includes Template

According to the book Team Topologies by Matthew Skelton and Manuel Pais, the four types of team topologies are stream-aligned, platform, enabling, and complicated subsystem. These team types are designed to optimize the flow of work and information in an organization, and to align with the principles of DevOps and agile. A stream-aligned team is focused on a single stream of work, such as a product, a feature, a user journey, or a user persona. A platform team provides the infrastructure and services that enable other teams to deliver value to customers. An enabling team helps other teams overcome obstacles and learn new skills and technologies. A complicated-subsystem team handles tasks that require specialized knowledge and expertise, such as mathematics, algorithms, or cryptography. References: Team Topologies: The 4 Team Types Explained | Shortform Books, Team Topologies | Atlassian, Key Concepts — Team Topologies, The Four Team Types from Team Topologies - IT Revolution, What are the core team types in Team Topologies?

= A cumulative flow diagram (CFD) is a tool used to visualize the flow of work in a process over time. It shows the quantity of work in different stages or states, such as backlog, in progress, done, etc. A CFD helps to monitor the work in process (WIP) across the whole team, as well as the arrival and departure rates of work items. A CFD can also reveal bottlenecks, queues, variability, and cycle time in the process. References: = Cumulative Flow Diagram - Scaled Agile Framework, Cumulative flow diagram - Wikipedia, Cumulative Flow Diagram - What Information Does It Provide - Kanban Zone

one way Lean-Agile leaders lead by example is by modeling SAFe’s Lean-Agile Mindset, values, principles, and practices. This means that they learn and embody the core beliefs and behaviors that enable business agility, such as respect for people and culture, flow, innovation, relentless improvement, and leadership. They also apply the SAFe principles and practices to their own work, such as organizing around value, building incrementally, applying systems thinking, and assuming variability. By doing so, they demonstrate their commitment to the transformation and inspire others to follow their lead12. References: 1: Lean-Agile Leadership - Scaled Agile Framework2: What Is One Way Lean Agile Leaders Lead By Example? - GoRetro