PDF C_ABAPD_2309 Study Guide

To adhere to the most recent ABAP SQL syntax conventions from SAP, you must insert the “INTO TABLE @gt flights” clause on line #4 to complete the SQL statement. This is because the INTO or APPENDING clause should be specified immediately after the SELECT clause, according to the ABAP SQL syntax conventions1. The INTO or APPENDING clause defines the data object to which the results set of the SELECT statement is assigned. The data object can be an internal table, a work area, or an inline declaration. In this case, the data object is an internal table named gt_flights, which is created using the inline declaration operator @DATA. The inline declaration operator allows you to declare and create a data object in the same statement where it is used, without the need for a separate DATA statement2.

The other lines are not suitable for inserting the “INTO TABLE @gt flights” clause, as they would violate the ABAP SQL syntax conventions or cause syntax errors. These lines are:

• #6: This line is not suitable for inserting the “INTO TABLE @gt flights” clause, as it would cause a syntax error. This is because the FROM clause must be specified before the INTO or APPENDING clause, according to the ABAP SQL syntax conventions1. The FROM clause defines the data sources from which the data is read, such as database tables, CDS view entities, or CDS DDIC-based views. In this case, the data source is the database table flights.
• #8: This line is not suitable for inserting the “INTO TABLE @gt flights” clause, as it would cause a syntax error. This is because the ORDER BY clause must be specified after the INTO or APPENDING clause, according to the ABAP SQL syntax conventions1. The ORDER BY clause defines the sort order of the results set of the SELECT statement. In this case, the results set is sorted by the fields carrid, connid, and fltime.
• #15: This line is not suitable for inserting the “INTO TABLE @gt flights” clause, as it would violate the ABAP SQL syntax conventions. This is because the INTO or APPENDING clause should be specified as close as possible to the SELECT clause, according to the ABAP SQL syntax conventions1. The INTO or APPENDING clause should not be separated from the SELECT clause by other clauses, such as the WHERE clause, the GROUP BY clause, the HAVING clause, the UNION clause, or the ORDER BY clause. This is to improve the readability and maintainability of the ABAP SQL statement.

References: SELECT - ABAP Keyword Documentation, Inline Declarations - ABAP Keyword Documentation

Based on the following code, the variable type of connection_full is a structure. A structure is a complex data type that consists of a group of related data objects, called components, that have their own data types and names. A structure can be defined using the TYPES statement or based on an existing structure type, such as a CDS view entity or a CDS DDIC-based view. In this case, the variable connection_full is declared using the TYPE addition, which means that it has the same structure type as the CDS view entity /DMO/I_Connection. The CDS view entity /DMO/I_Connection is a data model view that defines a data model based on the database table /DMO/Connection. The CDS view entity /DMO/I_Connection has the following components: carrid, connid, airpfrom, airpto, distance, and fltime. Therefore, the variable connection_full has the same components as the CDS view entity /DMO/I_Connection, and each component has the same data type and length as the corresponding field in the database table /DMO/Connection.

References: CDS Data Model Views - ABAP Keyword Documentation, DATA - ABAP Keyword Documentation, Structure Types - ABAP Keyword Documentation

The following are the explanations for each statement:

• A: This statement is valid. go_ifl may call method ml with go_ifl->ml(). This is because go_ifl is a data object of type REF TO ifl, which is a reference to the interface ifl. The interface ifl defines a method ml, which can be called using the reference variable go_ifl. The class cll implements the interface ifl, which means that it provides an implementation of the method ml. The data object go_ifl is assigned to a new instance of the class cll using the NEW operator and the inline declaration operator @DATA. Therefore, when go_ifl->ml() is called, the implementation of the method ml in the class cll is executed123
• B: This statement is valid. Instead of go_cll = NEW #(…) you could use go_ifl = NEW cll(…). This is because go_ifl is a data object of type REF TO ifl, which is a reference to the interface ifl. The class cll implements the interface ifl, which means that it is compatible with the interface ifl. Therefore, go_ifl can be assigned to a new instance of the class cll using the NEW operator and the class name cll. The inline declaration operator @DATA is optional in this case, as go_ifl is already declared. The parentheses after the class name cll can be used to pass parameters to the constructor of the class cll, if any123
• E: This statement is valid. go_ifl may call method m2 with go_ifl->m2(…). This is because go_ifl is a data object of type REF TO ifl, which is a reference to the interface ifl. The class cll implements the interface ifl, which means that it inherits all the components of the interface ifl. The class cll also defines a method m2, which is a public method of the class cll. Therefore, go_ifl can call the method m2 using the reference variable go_ifl. The method m2 is not defined in the interface ifl, but it is accessible through the interface ifl, as the interface ifl is implemented by the class cll. The parentheses after the method name m2 can be used to pass parameters to the method m2, if any123

The other statements are not valid, as they have syntax errors or logical errors. These statements are:

• C: This statement is not valid. go_cll may call method ml with go_cll->ifl~ml(). This is because go_cll is a data object of type REF TO cll, which is a reference to the class cll. The class cll implements the interface ifl, which means that it inherits all the components of the interface ifl. The interface ifl defines a method ml, which can be called using the reference variable go_cll. However, the syntax for calling an interface method using a class reference is go_cll->ml(), not go_cll->ifl~ml(). The interface component selector ~ is only used when calling an interface method using an interface reference, such as go_ifl->ifl~ml(). Using the interface component selector ~ with a class reference will cause a syntax error123
• D: This statement is not valid. Instead of go_cll = NEW #() you could use go_ifl = NEW #(…). This is because go_ifl is a data object of type REF TO ifl, which is a reference to the interface ifl. The interface ifl cannot be instantiated, as it does not have an implementation. Therefore, go_ifl cannot be assigned to a new instance of the interface ifl using the NEW operator and the inline declaration operator @DATA. This will cause a syntax error or a runtime error. To instantiate an interface, you need to use a class that implements the interface, such as the class cll123

References: INTERFACES - ABAP Keyword Documentation, CLASS - ABAP Keyword Documentation, NEW - ABAP Keyword Documentation

Both statements are valid in ABAP, but they have different effects on the program.

• ##NEEDED is a pragma that can be used to hide warnings from the ABAP compiler syntax check. It tells the check tools that a variable or a parameter is needed for further processing, even if it is not used in the current statement. For example, if you declare a variable without assigning any value to it, you can use ##NEEDED to suppress the warning about unused variables12.
• The pragma is not checked by the syntax checker means that you can use any pragma to hide any warning from the ABAP compiler syntax check, regardless of its effect on the program logic or performance. For example, if you use ##SHADOW to hide a warning about an obscured function, you can also use it to hide a warning about an invalid character in a string12.

You cannot do any of the following:

• #EC_NEEDED is not checked by the syntax checker: This is not a valid statement in ABAP. There is no pseudo-comment with #EC_NEEDED in ABAP3.
• The pseudo-comment is checked by the syntax checker: This is false. Pseudo-comments are obsolete and should no longer be used in ABAP. They were replaced by pragmas since SAP NW 7.0 EhP2 (Enhancement Package)4.

References: 1: Pragmas - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help 2: [What are pragmas and pseudo comments in ABAP? | SAP Blogs - SAP Community] 3: ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help 4: What are PRAGMAS and Pseudo comments in SAP ABAP