NVIDIA-Certified Professional Changed NCP-AIN Questions

MLNX_OFED (Mellanox OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution) is an NVIDIA-tested and packaged version of the OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution (OFED) for Linux. It provides the necessary drivers and tools to support InfiniBand and Ethernet interconnects using the same RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) and kernel bypass APIs. MLNX_OFED enables high-performance networking capabilities essential for AI clusters, including support for up to 400Gb/s InfiniBand and RoCE (RDMA over Converged Ethernet).​

Reference Extracts from NVIDIA Documentation:

"MLNX_OFED is an NVIDIA tested and packaged version of OFED that supports two interconnect types using the same RDMA (remote DMA) and kernel bypass APIs called OFED verbs – InfiniBand and Ethernet."​

"Up to 400Gb/s InfiniBand and RoCE (based on the RDMA over Converged Ethernet standard) over 10/25/40/50/100/200/400GbE are supported."​

Direct Memory Access (DMA) in InfiniBand networks allows data to be transferred directly between the memory of two devices without involving the CPU. This capability significantly reduces CPU overhead, lowers latency, and increases throughput, making it ideal for AI workloads that demand efficient data transfers.

NetQintegrates multiple telemetry sources, includingWJH,DOCA, and notably,Behavioral Telemetry.

From theNetQ Documentation – Behavioral Telemetry Section:

"Behavioral telemetry in NetQ correlates server and application behavior with network events, offering insights into root cause analysis by detecting anomalies in protocol, path, or performance behavior."

This helps identify patterns like:

Misbehaving applications causing retransmits.

Sudden changes in traffic flows.

Latency spikes correlated with app-level issues.

It complements device-level telemetry by introducingintent-based anomaly detection, crucial for proactive operations.

Incorrect Options:

Flow telemetryandpacket captureoffer raw data but not behavioral insights.

Application telemetryis too vague and is not the term NetQ uses for this feature.

RoCE Adaptive Routing is a key feature of NVIDIA Spectrum-X that ensures high performance and resiliency in the network, even in the event of a link failure. This technology dynamically reroutes traffic to the least congested and operational paths, effectively mitigating the impact of link failures. By continuously evaluating the network's egress queue loads and receiving status notifications from neighboring switches, Spectrum-X can adaptively select optimal paths for data transmission. This ensures that the network maintains high throughput and low latency, crucial for AI workloads, even when certain links are down.​

Reference Extracts from NVIDIA Documentation:

"Spectrum-X employs global adaptive routing to quickly reroute traffic during link failures, minimizing disruptions and preserving optimal storage fabric utilization."​

"RoCE Adaptive Routing avoids congestion by dynamically routing large AI flows away from congestion points. This approach improves network resource utilization, leaf/spine efficiency, and performance."​