LPIC-3: Virtualization and Containerization - Exam 305, version 3.0 Questions and Answers
Question 17
What is the purpose ofcloud-init?
Options:
A.
Replace common Linux inic systems, such as systemd or SysV init.
B.
Assign an laaS instance to a specific computing node within a cloud.
C.
Standardize the configuration of infrastructure services, such as load balancers or virtual firewalls in a cloud.
D.
Orchestrate the creation and start of multiple related laaS instances.
E.
Prepare the generic image of an laaS instance to fit a specific instance's configuration.
Answer:
E
Explanation:
Cloud-init is a tool that processes configurations and runs through five stages during the initial boot of Linux VMs in a cloud. It allows users to customize a Linux VM as it boots for the first time, by applying user data to the instance. User data can include scripts, commands, packages, files, users, groups, SSH keys, and more. Cloud-init can also interact with various cloud platforms and services, such as Azure, AWS, OpenStack, and others. The purpose of cloud-init is to prepare the generic image of an laaS instance to fit a specific instance’s configuration, such as hostname, network, security, and application settings. References:
Cloud-init - The standard for customising cloud instances
Understanding cloud-init - Azure Virtual Machines
Tutorial - Customize a Linux VM with cloud-init in Azure - Azure Virtual Machines
Question 18
Which CPU flag indicates the hardware virtualization capability on an AMD CPU?
Options:
A.
HVM
B.
VIRT
C.
SVM
D.
PVM
E.
VMX
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The CPU flag that indicates the hardware virtualization capability on an AMD CPU is SVM. SVM stands for Secure Virtual Machine, and it is a feature of AMD processors that enables the CPU to run virtual machines with hardware assistance. SVM is also known as AMD-V, which is AMD’s brand name for its virtualization technology. SVM allows the CPU to support a hypervisor, which is a software layer that creates and manages virtual machines. A hypervisor can run multiple virtual machines on a single physical machine, each with its own operating system and applications. SVM improves the performance and security of virtual machines by allowing the CPU to directly execute privileged instructions and handle memory access, instead of relying on software emulation or binary translation. SVM also provides nested virtualization, which is the ability to run avirtual machine inside another virtual machine. To use SVM, the CPU must support it and the BIOS must enable it. The user can check if the CPU supports SVM by looking for the svm flag in the /proc/cpuinfo file or by using the lscpu command. The user can also use the virt-host-validate command to verify if the CPU and the BIOS are properly configured for hardware virtualization123. References:
How to check if CPU supports hardware virtualization (VT technology)1
Processor support - KVM3
How to Enable Virtualization in BIOS for Intel and AMD4
