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Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

A foreign insurer (A) is an insurance company operating in a state other than its state of domicile (where it is incorporated).

A domestic insurer (B) operates in its home state. An alien insurer (C) is domiciled outside the U.S. A captive insurer (D) insures its parent company, not based on location.

The Virginia study guide defines a foreign insurer as one licensed to do business in Virginia but incorporated in another state, per insurance regulatory terminology. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Insurance Company Types."

A certificate of insurance in a group health plan is evidence of the employee's insurance coverage. It provides a summary of the coverage, terms, and benefits the employee is entitled to under the group policy. It is not a contract between the employee and the insurer or between the employer and the insurer. The employer typically holds the master policy, while the certificate is issued to each employee covered under the plan.

A profit-sharing plan is an employer-sponsored qualified retirement plan in which the employer makes discretionary contributions based on company profits. Under Virginia exam standards and federal retirement plan rules covered in licensing materials, only the employer contributes to a traditional profit-sharing plan. Employees do not make direct salary deferral contributions as they would in a 401(k) plan. This makes option A correct.

The employer is not required to make a contribution every year, nor is the employer required to contribute a fixed amount. Contributions can vary year to year depending on business performance, which makes option D incorrect. Employers are allowed to offer other retirement plans alongside a profit-sharing plan, so option B is incorrect. Participation rules are typically defined by plan eligibility requirements rather than employee opt-out provisions, making option C inaccurate. Profit-sharing plans are attractive to employers because of flexibility in contributions and favorable tax treatment, while employees benefit from employer-funded retirement savings.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Endodontic services involve treatment of the tooth’s interior (pulp and roots), with root canals (C) being a primary example.

Crowns (A) and fillings (D) are restorative, not endodontic. Dentures (B) are prosthetic, unrelated to endodontics.

The Virginia study guide classifies root canals as an endodontic procedure, distinct from restorative or prosthetic dental services, per standard dental insurance definitions. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Dental Insurance."