Free and Premium Huawei H31-341_V2.5 Dumps Questions Answers

A parallel FOADM site typically uses an EX40+EMR8 networking mode, where EX40 handles add/drop functions and EMR8 manages multiplexing and amplification.

When light passes through a passive optical component, the decrease in optical power is termed insertion loss. This is a fundamental concept in optical transmission where every component like connectors, splices, splitters, or filters adds some level of power attenuation. Managing insertion loss is crucial to maintain overall system performance, especially in long-haul or dense WDM systems where accumulated loss can degrade the signal. HCIP-Transmission emphasizes the importance of measuring and minimizing insertion loss to ensure system stability and reach requirements are met.

In coherent transmission systems, the non-standard incident optical power is measured at the output port of the transmit-end OA board, making that board output the reference point.

In burst mode, an OTUk_DEG alarm is triggered when bit errors cause signal degradation, even if the error count threshold isn’t crossed.

In burst mode, the alarm also occurs if the number of bit errors within the detection window exceeds the configured threshold.

Insertion loss refers to the decrease of optical power that occurs when light passes through a passive optical component such as connectors, splitters, filters, or splices. This loss results from absorption, scattering, or imperfect coupling within the component. In optical transmission systems, insertion loss is a critical parameter affecting link budget and overall signal quality. HCIP-Transmission materials stress managing insertion loss to ensure sufficient power reaches the receiver and to maintain the integrity of transmitted signals over long distances. Proper component selection and maintenance help minimize insertion loss in WDM systems.

After powering on, ensure the fan tray’s FAN indicator shows steady green (normal operation), fans are spinning properly, and airflow through both upper and lower parts of the subrack is unobstructed to maintain adequate cooling.

Alarm handling differs between OTN and SDH encapsulation processes, so they are not processed in the same way when GE services are mapped into OTN versus SDH signals.

A TTI mismatch in the PM layer generates TTI and TIM alarms but does not constitute a loss of frame alignment, so ODUk_PM_LOF is not reported.

The TNG2WSMD09 board is a 9-port wavelength selective multiplexer/demultiplexer for the Super C band and supports optical power adjustment and online optical power detection.

G.652-specific DCMs are designed for standard single-mode fibers and generally cannot properly compensate dispersion in G.655 (Leaf) fibers, which have different dispersion characteristics. Using G.652 DCMs for G.655 fiber compensation is therefore incorrect.

The electrical-layer structure of OTN frames follows the path: OTUk → ODUk → OPUk → Client. OTUk is the outer frame layer that carries ODUk (Optical Data Unit), which in turn contains OPUk (Optical Payload Unit). The OPUk holds the client signal payload. This hierarchical encapsulation supports transparent transport of client signals over optical networks. Understanding this sequence is essential for managing signal mapping and monitoring in OTN networks as outlined in HCIP-Transmission documentation.

The statement that the OA gain can be reduced when expanding 100G channels in a 10G system to meet incident optical power requirements is false. In fact, the single wavelength incident optical power of a 100G system is higher than that of a 10G system, and gain adjustment needs to ensure the 100G channels meet their power requirements without degradation. Reducing OA gain indiscriminately could cause insufficient amplification for 100G signals, impairing performance. HCIP-Transmission specifies careful power management and gain setting to balance multi-rate systems during hybrid transmission expansion.

The EDFA (Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier) amplifies optical signals but also introduces Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) noise, making it the primary noise source in optical transmission systems.

In an OA (Optical Amplifier) system, the lower threshold of the receive optical power for a line board with a PIN receiver or the WDM side of an OTU board is typically the optical module’s receiver sensitivity plus 3 dB, not 5 dB. Adding 3 dB accounts for margin to ensure reliable reception without unnecessary overdesign. The 5 dB margin usually applies when an APD receiver is used, which is more sensitive but also more susceptible to noise. Thus, for PIN receivers, HCIP-Transmission guidelines specify the lower threshold as sensitivity plus 3 dB to maintain signal quality while preventing false alarms or unnecessary protection switching.

All listed statements are disadvantages of FOADM compared to ROADM: it requires site visits for capacity or service changes, has poor wavelength flexibility due to fixed allocation, demands manual power budget adjustments onsite during expansion, and cannot provision wavelength services rapidly.

In OA-free systems, where no optical amplifiers are used, the lower threshold of the receive optical power of a line board or the WDM side of an OTU board is indeed the optical module’s receiver sensitivity plus 3 dB. This ensures a safety margin for stable signal reception and alarm triggering. Without optical amplifiers, signal levels are more susceptible to attenuation, so maintaining this margin helps prevent degradation due to low optical power. HCIP-Transmission highlights this threshold as a standard parameter for optical power management in non-amplified systems.

The Optical Amplifier (OA) module inside an EMR8 board includes a critical function called "gain locking." This function ensures that when channels are added, dropped, or experience fluctuations, the gain of the remaining channels stays stable. Without gain locking, changes in one channel's power could inadvertently affect the amplification of other channels, causing signal degradation and uneven performance. Gain locking maintains consistent output power levels and improves overall system stability, which is vital in dense WDM networks. This function helps avoid cascading issues during dynamic network changes and supports reliable service delivery in HCIP-Transmission systems.

PWE3 specifies two CES emulation modes: Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet (SAToP) and Structure-aware TDM Circuit Emulation Service over PSN (CESoPSN). Circuit Emulation over Packet (CEP) is not defined within PWE3.

Among the differences between MPLS-TP OAM and MPLS OAM, the interval for sending OAM packets is not changed by canceling 3.3 ms and 10 ms values (D). This means these intervals remain in place or are not the key differentiators. The other options (A, B, C) correctly describe differences such as packet formats, label alarms (AIS, RD1, UNEXPMEG), and added functions (CC, AIS, LB, LT) unique to MPLS-TP OAM. HCIP-Transmission materials clarify these differences to aid in understanding the enhanced OAM capabilities for transport profile MPLS networks.

When a GE (Gigabit Ethernet) service is encapsulated into an OTN frame or an SDH frame structure, the client-side alarms reported are not different; they are consistent regardless of the encapsulation method. This consistency ensures reliable fault detection and service monitoring across different transport technologies. HCIP-Transmission specifies that client alarms depend on service and interface definitions rather than the underlying framing, ensuring seamless interoperability and troubleshooting in multi-protocol environments.

A break in the shared fiber link causes loss of optical power in both transmit and receive directions, triggering optical loss alarms on OA and OSC boards at both ends.

OTN overhead (ODUk/OTUk) belongs to the OTN layer, not the optical layer, so OOS overheads do not include OTN overhead.

In E-Line services, user-side interfaces are typically UNIs (User Network Interfaces), and network-side interfaces are NNIs (Network-to-Network Interfaces). Also, user-side interfaces are generally Layer 2 ports, whereas network-side interfaces are Layer 3 ports. This distinction facilitates proper service access and network integration. The user side provides services to clients, while the network side connects different network segments or devices. This layering and interface classification are essential concepts in HCIP-Transmission for service provisioning and network architecture design.

QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation is a widely used modulation technique in advanced optical transmission systems. It offers several key benefits for long-haul and high-capacity networks. QPSK reduces the required Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR), which improves system performance under noisy conditions. It also mitigates fiber nonlinear effects because the signal changes are more gradual compared to higher-level modulations. Moreover, QPSK improves tolerance to chromatic dispersion and Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD), two major impairments in fiber optics. These improvements lead to better signal integrity over longer distances and support higher data rates with fewer errors, making QPSK favorable in HCIP-Transmission environments where robust, high-capacity transmission is essential.

The ODUk SNCP service defines three protection subtypes:

SNC (Subnetwork Connection)

ISNC (Inverse SNC)

SISNC (Simultaneous Inverse SNC)

The OTUk_LOM (Loss of Multiframe) alarm indicates a framing alignment issue and is generated when the Out Of Multiframe (OOM) state persists for at least 3 milliseconds. This rapid alarm triggering helps detect synchronization failures quickly, allowing prompt response to maintain network stability. HCIP-Transmission details this alarm behavior within OTN frame monitoring functions, highlighting the critical role of frame alignment in maintaining signal integrity across optical networks.

The TNG2M60V board is not a 60-channel multiplexer with VOA for the Super C band; this description is incorrect for that board model.

SOTU denotes a single-OTU interface that supports one OTU channel, whereas MOTU denotes a multi-OTU interface capable of handling multiple OTU channels.

In the OTN hierarchy, the OTUCn layer provides digital section functions (framing, section monitoring, forward error correction), and the ODUCn layer provides the digital path (channel) functions, so together they implement the digital section and channel layers.

In hybrid transmission scenarios involving both 100G-and-beyond and 10G signals, it is recommended that the optical power of 100G signals be higher than that of 10G signals but not exceed the single-wavelength nominal value of the OA board. This ensures the 100G signals, which typically have stricter OSNR and power requirements, maintain adequate quality without causing nonlinear effects or saturation. Proper power balancing between different signal rates prevents performance degradation and interference. HCIP-Transmission guidelines emphasize this approach for hybrid system stability and optimized performance.